Pakistan and Afghanistan agree to maintain a ceasefire - for now. Here's what to know

[ad_1] <img src="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/5564x3709+0+0/resize/1100/quality/50/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F6c%2F83%2Fcad226b240569ccea9d6b7259ba4%2Fgettyimages-2241870023.jpg" data-template="https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/5564x3709+0+0/resize/{width}/quality/{quality}/format/{format}/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F6c%2F83%2Fcad226b240569ccea9d6b7259ba4%2Fgettyimages-2241870023.jpg" class="img" alt="Taliban security personnel stand guard near the Ghulam Khan border crossing between Afghanistan and Pakistan in Afghanistan's Khost province on Oct. 20, a day after a ceasefire was agreed in Doha, Qatar. 5. After a week of violence, residents on the frontier between Afghanistan and Pakistan are hoping a new ceasefire deal will end the clashes and revive crucial cross-border trade. While the crossings remain closed, life has regained a semblance of normality. (Photo by AFP) (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)" fetchpriority="high"/> Taliban safety personnel stand guard close to the Ghulam Khan border crossing between Afghanistan and Pakistan in Afghanistan's Khost province on Oct. 20, a day after a ceasefire was agreed in Doha, Qatar. AFP/by way of Getty Photographs cover caption

toggle caption

AFP/by way of Getty Photographs ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — After 5 days of on-and-off talks in Istanbul to resolve hostilities that flared within the first half of October, Pakistan and Afghanistan agreed to proceed a ceasefire they arrived at earlier this month, Turkey's International Ministry introduced Thursday.

In an announcement, the ministry mentioned the subsequent spherical of talks would happen on Nov. 6: "All events have agreed to place in place a monitoring and verification mechanism that can guarantee upkeep of peace and imposing penalty on the violating social gathering."

The ceasefire got here after greater than every week of cross-border gunfire and focused strikes inside Afghanistan killed dozens on either side, together with civilians. The settlement put a pause on probably the most intense preventing between the 2 nations in years.

Commerce between Pakistan and Afghanistan has floor to a halt as main border crossings stay closed. Analysts warn that the battle, which has deep roots, may reignite and destabilize the area. Here is what to know.

What's at stake? The principle challenge between the neighboring nations is rising militancy in Pakistan's mountainous borderlands, the place the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, also called the Pakistani Taliban, has ramped up assaults within the years for the reason that Taliban took over Afghanistan in 2021, following the withdrawal of U.S. forces. The TTP is carefully aligned with the Afghan Taliban, and Pakistan accuses Afghanistan's Taliban rulers of offering them a base and failing to rein them in after they orchestrate lethal assaults in Pakistan — all of which Afghanistan's Taliban denies.

Every nation blamed the opposite for a breakdown in talks earlier this week. In a publish on X, Pakistan's Info Minister Ataullah Tarar mentioned Afghanistan's Taliban "have all the time remained detached to Pakistan's losses. ... Pakistan's persistence has run its course." Afghan state broadcaster RTA accused Pakistan of "irrational calls for."

Pakistan's more and more daring army actions inside Afghanistan mirror its hardening stance towards cross-border militant teams, says Muhammad Amir Rana, director of Islamabad's Pak Institute for Peace Research, an unbiased assume tank. "That is signaling to the [Afghan] Taliban that if you have not modified your attitudes or insurance policies supporting the TTP and different terrorist organizations inside Pakistan, Pakistan can retaliate," he says.

What sparked this month's preventing? The battle started after TTP militants ambushed a Pakistani military convoy on Oct. 8, killing 11 troopers close to the Afghan border. The TTP goals to overthrow the Pakistani authorities and impose hardline Islamic rule, because the Taliban did in Afghanistan.

Afghanistan then blamed Pakistan for a number of strikes inside its territory on Oct. 9, together with in its capital, Kabul. Pakistan has neither formally confirmed nor denied finishing up the strikes. Two nights later, Afghan forces fired at Pakistan's border posts in retaliation, resulting in back-and-forth gunfire alongside the border. Cross-border preventing flared up once more days later, earlier than either side agreed to an preliminary truce, which was later prolonged in Doha, Qatar, on Oct. 19.

Earlier than ceasefire talks started in Doha, Pakistan additionally launched what safety officers referred to as focused strikes towards militants in Afghanistan's jap province of Paktika.

So far, talks with the Taliban in regards to the TTP have yielded little for Pakistan, analysts say. "Pakistani makes an attempt to speak to the Taliban to persuade them to do one thing towards the TTP have failed," says Abdul Basit, senior affiliate fellow on the S. Rajaratnam College of Worldwide Research in Singapore.

Islamabad has additionally tried to strain the Taliban by deporting Afghan refugees.

Who're the Pakistani Taliban? The TTP emerged in 2007 in response to Pakistan's army help of the U.S. combat towards the Taliban in Afghanistan. It has primarily focused Pakistani safety personnel lately, but in addition has claimed accountability for horrific assaults on civilians, together with one in 2014 that killed greater than 100 Pakistani schoolchildren. Its fighters share shut ideological ties and battlefield expertise with Afghanistan's Taliban.

The group has seen a revival up to now 4 years, after counterterrorism campaigns considerably weakened it round a decade in the past. An unbiased battle monitor discovered the TTP was behind 600 assaults towards Pakistani safety forces up to now 12 months alone. That is in comparison with an estimated 67 assaults the 12 months earlier than the Taliban took energy in Afghanistan, in response to the Pak Institute for Peace Research.

Pakistan has been carefully related to the Taliban because it cultivated the Afghan group within the Nineteen Nineties. It was accused of covertly supporting the Taliban via the U.S. battle in Afghanistan, one thing Islamabad denies.

How would possibly this play out? President Trump mentioned earlier this week on the sidelines of a regional summit in Malaysia that the battle could be a straightforward repair. "I heard that Pakistan and Afghanistan have began up, however I will get that solved in a short time," he mentioned.

In a publish on X, Taliban spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid mentioned Thursday that Afghanistan, "like different neighboring nations, additionally wishes optimistic relations with Pakistan and it adheres to the ideas of mutual respect, non-interference in inside affairs, and never posing a risk to anybody."

Earlier this 12 months, Pakistan and Afghanistan held a trilateral assembly with China to debate points together with counterterrorism and commerce, elevating hopes of higher relations. However ties are in the meantime rising between Afghanistan and India, Pakistan's jap neighbor and rival.

Asif, Pakistan's protection minister, mentioned this week that "Kabul is a software for Delhi." This month's Pakistan-Afghanistan preventing coincided with the Taliban international minister's first official go to to India.

"It is not for a scarcity of diplomacy or dialogue that we're the place we're proper now," says Asfandyar Mir, senior fellow for South Asia on the Stimson Heart in Washington, D.C. The present ceasefire, he says, means that for now, Pakistan has been capable of nook the Taliban with its army escalation. However he expects the Taliban to proceed tacitly supporting the TTP by stalling on Pakistani requests to behave towards the group in Afghanistan.

He says the Afghan Taliban's help for the TTP is a continued supply of regional instability that might result in extra assaults by the group in Pakistan and extra intense army motion by Pakistan inside Afghanistan.

Basit, from Singapore's S. Rajaratnam College of Worldwide Research, places it starkly: "Border tensions will play out at a brand new degree," he warns. "In the event that they had been simmering, now they are going to be boiling."